Gagal Ginjal Akut pada Anak, Orangtua Harus Waspadai Gejalanya

In the past two months, cases of acute kidney failure in children have attracted attention. This incidence has reportedly affected hundreds of children in Indonesia and continues to rise.

However, the Indonesian Ministry of Health urges parents to remain calm and not panic. Parents should also be alert if their child exhibits any of the following symptoms of acute kidney failure.

Example of a case of acute kidney failure in children

Acute kidney failure in children is a condition where the kidneys have experienced damage and decreased function.

Just like in adults, kidney disease in children occurs suddenly and can worsen in just a matter of hours or days.

For example, cases of acute kidney failure in children aged 6 months to 18 years, especially toddlers, are currently in the spotlight.

It is known that since the end of August 2022, the Ministry of Health and the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI) have received reports of a rapid increase in cases of Acute Progressive Atypical Kidney Injury (AKI) in children, especially in children under 5 years of age.

The Indonesian Ministry of Health’s website reports that 206 cases of acute kidney failure in children were reported as of October 18, 2022, from 20 provinces.

As of the publication of this article, this number has been followed by the death toll of 99 children, with the mortality rate of patients treated at RSCM reaching 65%.

Due to this, the government, together with related parties, is continuing to investigate and conduct comprehensive research, including the possible causes and other risk factors for cases of acute kidney failure in children.

https://hellosehat.com/parenting/kesehatan-anak/penyakit-pada-anak/tekanan-darah-rendah-pada-anak/

What are the symptoms of acute kidney failure in children?

In general, the symptoms of acute kidney failure in children that occur at this time tend to be the same as other kidney diseases.

Reporting from the IDAI TV YouTube channel on Friday (October 21, 2022), Dr. Henny Adriani, Sp.A(K) said that symptoms of acute kidney failure in children begin with decreased urine production.

A similar statement was made by Dr. M Syahril, the Spokesperson for the Ministry of Health.

He said that acute kidney failure in children has typical symptoms in the form of a sudden decrease in urine volume.

Therefore, it is important for parents to continuously monitor the intensity of urination and detect the color of urine excreted by their little one, whether it is concentrated or brownish.

Ideally, children should urinate 6-8 times a day. As they get older, they’ll often need to go back and forth to urinate, approximately 6-7 times a day.

Besides children urinating less frequently, there are a number of symptoms of acute kidney failure that occur in children that you need to be aware of, such as the following.

• Fever .
• Diarrhea.
• Respiratory tract disorders, such as coughs or colds.
• Nausea and vomiting.

In more severe conditions, your child may experience the following symptoms, among others.

• Dehydration .
• The body swells.
• Fast and deep breathing.
• Electrolyte disturbances occur.
• Seizures .
• Having high blood pressure.

If you suspect your little one is experiencing these symptoms, you should immediately take them to the nearest health care facility for further treatment.

What causes acute kidney failure in children?

As of the time of writing this article, the cause of acute kidney failure is still being investigated to determine the exact cause.

During an examination of the remaining drug samples consumed by the patient, traces of a compound that could potentially cause acute kidney failure in children were found.

In a written statement, the Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BPOM) on Thursday (20/10/2022) suspected contamination of Ethylene Glycol (EG) and Diethylene Glycol (DG) compounds in liquid or syrup paracetamol preparations.

It is known that the compound mixture has exceeded the safe threshold, causing many children to suffer from mysterious acute kidney failure.

However, the BPOM stated that it still cannot support the conclusion that syrup medication is the cause of the many cases of acute kidney failure in children currently occurring.

There may be other factors that are still under investigation, including the vulnerability of the child’s immune system and the environment.

Untuk langkah pencegahan dan peningkatan kewaspadaan, Kemenkes telah memberikan intruksi kepada seluruh tenaga kesehatan untuk sementara tidak meresepkan obat-obatan dalam bentuk sediaan cair atau sirup sampai hasil penelusuran dan penelitian tuntas.

Pihak BPOM juga telah memerintahkan untuk menarik peredaran obat-obat tersebut untuk kemudian dimusnahkan.

Sebagai alternatif, Anda dapat menggunakan bentuk sediaan lain seperti tablet, kapsul, atau suppositoria (anal).

https://hellosehat.com/parenting/kesehatan-anak/penyakit-pada-anak/ketika-anak-sakit-parah/

Bagaimana menangani kasus gagal ginjal akut pada anak?

Sinergi dan kolaborasi dari seluruh pihak termasuk orangtua dan tenaga medis sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah agar kasus gagal ginjal akut pada anak ini bisa di cegah sedini mungkin.

Sebagai bagian dari peningkatan kewaspadaan, Kemenkes juga telah menerbitkan Surat Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pelayanan Kesehatan tentang Tata Laksana dan Managemen Klinis Gangguan Ginjal Akut Progresif Atipikal (Atypical Progressive Acute Kidney Injury) Pada Anak di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan.

Surat keputusan ini memuat serangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh tenaga medis dan tenaga kesehatan lain dalam melakukan penanganan terhadap pasien gagal ginjal akut sesuai dengan indikasi medis.

Pastikan saat anak sakit untuk terus minum air putih agar kebutuhan cairan tubuhnya tercukupi.

Waspadai juga bila si Kecil mengalami penurunan frekuensi buang air kecil atau bahkan tidak pipis sama sekali selama 6-8 jam (saat siang hari).

Bila Anda melihat tanda-tanda itu, segera bawa anak Anda ke rumah sakit. Saat di rumah sakit, akan dilakukan pemeriksaan berlanjut pada fungsi ginjal.

Sementara itu, bila fungsi ginjal terganggu, selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan untuk memastikan diagnosis, evaluasi kemungkinan etiologi, dan komplikasi.

Selanjutnya, apabila hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan positif gagal ginjal akut, pasien akan dilakukan perawatan di ruangan intensif berupa High Care Unit (HCU)/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) sesuai indikasi.

Selama proses perawatan, pihak rumah sakit akan akan memberikan obat dan terus memonitoring kondisi pasien yang meliputi volume balance cairan dan diuresis selama perawatan.

Pemantauan itu juga dilakukan meliputi kesadaran pasien, napas kusmaull, tekanan darah, serta pemeriksaan kreatinin serial per 12 jam.

Tindakan untuk mencegah gagal ginjal akut pada anak

Pemerintah juga mengimbau kepada masyarakat untuk menggunakan obat dengan baik dan benar.

Pastikan mengikuti resep dokter maupun informasi yang tertera di kemasan obat.

Berikut adalah beberapa langkah sederhana yang bisa Anda lakukan untuk memastikan konsumsi obat dengan benar dan aman bagi tubuh.

• Mengonsumsi obat sesuai aturan pakai.
• Jangan konsumsi obat melebihi dosis yang ditentukan.
• Baca peringatan pada kemasan obat.
• Jangan konsumsi obat yang kadaluwarsa.
• Jangan konsumsi sisa obat sirup yang sudah terbuka dan disimpan lama.
• Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics to prevent resistance.
• Report any side effects you experience from the medication to the nearest health worker.
• Get medicine from official or licensed pharmaceutical service facilities.

That is an explanation regarding cases of acute kidney disorders in children.

If you still have questions about this disease or suspect your child has it, then contact a doctor immediately.